Ulcerative Colitis: What It Feels Like and What You Can Do
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term inflammation of the colon that often shows up as urgent, bloody diarrhea, belly cramps, and tiredness. It can flare suddenly and make daily life harder. If you’ve had that mix of symptoms, it helps to know what to watch for, what tests to expect, and how to manage flares so they don’t take over your routine.
Recognize flares and get diagnosed
Common UC signs: frequent loose stools with blood, strong urgency, abdominal pain, unintended weight loss, and low energy from anemia. Symptoms vary—some people only have mild urgency, others have severe pain and dehydration.
Doctors usually start with blood tests (to check inflammation and iron), stool tests (to rule out infection), and a colonoscopy to see how much of the colon is affected. You might hear phrases like proctitis (only the rectum), left-sided colitis, or pancolitis (most of the colon). Tests like fecal calprotectin help track inflammation without repeat scopes.
Treatment and everyday tips to reduce flares
Treatment has two goals: stop the current flare and keep you in remission. First-line medicines for mild to moderate UC often include 5-ASA drugs such as mesalamine. Short courses of corticosteroids like prednisone can calm a bad flare but aren’t meant for long-term use. For patients who need stronger control, doctors may use immune-suppressing drugs (azathioprine, 6-MP), biologics (infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab), or JAK inhibitors like tofacitinib.
Surgery—removing the colon—can cure UC symptoms but is major. It’s usually a last resort after medical options or when complications arise. Talk with a colorectal surgeon if this option comes up.
Small daily steps help too. Track what you eat and how you feel—some people notice certain foods trigger symptoms during flares. During active flares, a low-residue diet can ease bowel frequency. Stay hydrated, replace lost electrolytes, and avoid NSAIDs (they can worsen symptoms). Keep up vaccines and routine blood checks if you’re on immune-suppressing meds.
Make an action plan with your doctor: which symptoms mean call now, which meds to take for a flare, and when to get lab tests. Carry a list of your medicines and any medication allergies. If you travel, bring extra meds and a note from your doctor for airport security if needed.
If you’re feeling anxious or exhausted by UC, consider a support group or counseling. Stress doesn’t cause UC, but managing stress and sleep can reduce flare frequency for many people. Always check medication changes and new supplements with your healthcare team.
Want more details on medicines, alternatives to steroids, or how specific drugs work? My Ed Meds SU has straight, practical articles that break down treatments, costs, and safety so you can talk to your doctor with confidence.